Explainers
Our explainers cover key subjects relating to our work, setting out key facts and figures and answering the most important questions about government.
Explore our explainers
The options for the UK’s trading relationship with the EU
The difference between the four basic options for the UK’s trading relationship with the EU.
EU Withdrawal Act 2018
We explain the legislation which allowed the UK to leave the EU, how much time was spent debating it and why it was needed.
UK–EU future relationship: the EU’s role
What role will the EU institutions play in the UK–EU future relationship negotiations?
European Communities Act 1972
The European Communities Act 1972 was the piece of legislation that brought the UK into the Europe Union: it gives EU law supremacy over UK national l
Non-tariff barriers
Non-tariff barriers can be more restrictive for trade than actual tariffs. During the second half of the 20th century, multilateral trade rounds drama
Key questions on UK immigration
It is important to first point out that the UK already has full control over immigration from outside the European Economic Area (EU member states, pl
UK–EU future relationship: Article 218
Article 218 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union sets out the EU’s rules for conducting negotiations with third parties.
Article 127 and the Single Market
In 1993, the EU extended membership of the Single Market to three non-EU states: Norway, Lichtenstein and Iceland. It drafted an agreement – known as
World Trade Organization
The WTO is a negotiating forum for its members to create international trade rules, and an organisation to oversee how they put the rules into practic
Nicky Morgan
Nicky Morgan reflects on her time in government for the Institute for Government’s Ministers Reflect project.